The translucent teal shell is the repaired CFD water domain itself—not the surrounding hardware. It shows the center passage, lower sensor-tip turn and three widened outer-return channels around the animated streamlines.
Drag or use one finger to rotate; scroll or pinch to zoom. The animated traces are integrated through the rerun OpenFOAM velocity field.
At 2 L/min the imposed flow is 33.33 mL/s. A cut at z = 10 mm measures 33.24 mL/s descending and 33.24 mL/s returning; at z = 4 mm it remains 33.04 and 32.80 mL/s. The repaired mesh therefore carries essentially all flow through the lower channels and tip turn.
Smooth interpolation through the three validated CFD points
The 0.30 mm radial clearances around the sensor, printed insert, inner tube and outer tube were treated as solid epoxy. No coolant leakage into the combustor was permitted.
At 2 L/min the widened jacket consumes about 0.505 bar before adding the remaining tubes, hoses, fittings and outlet backpressure. At 3 L/min it consumes about 1.13 bar.
The predicted loss falls by about 38% at 2 L/min, from 81.7 to 50.5 kPa, while retaining the intended tip-sweeping flow path.
The earlier widened run was invalid: a failed sequential CAD Boolean omitted the printed insert and created a 2,792 mm³ near-empty cylinder. The repaired simultaneous Boolean gives a valid 1,783 mm³ water domain; its OpenFOAM mesh volume agrees within 0.3%.